Posted by
Andy Zarowny on Friday, August 15, 2008 10:51:20 PM
As if intended to mask their
moves with the start of the
Olympic Games in Beijing,
Russia sent several armored
battalions into Georgia on
Friday, August 7th. After
a week of fighting, a cease
fire has been proposed, but
it remains to be seen if the
Russians will honor it. They
did not honor an earlier one
two days ago.
The issues at hand are the
status of two provinces with-
in Georgia's borders, South
Ossetia and Abkhazia. Both
provinces have large separa-
tist movements, supported by
Russia. The conflict is an old
one going back to 1991 when
the Soviet Union collapsed
and Georgia became an inde-
pendent nation.
Georgia was originally com-
prised of two kingdoms from
ancient times, Iberia and
Colchis (home of the Golden
Fleece from the story of Jason
and the Argronauts). In the
11th Century, Georgia was
unified under King David the
Builder. For several hundred
years, the land prospered
until pressures from both
the Ottoman and Russian
Empires led Georgia to
become part of Russia in
1801. After World War One,
Georgia enjoyed a brief period
of independence, which it then
lost in 1921 when conquered
by the Red Army entered the
capital of Tbilisi.
Additional territory was assign-
ed to Georgia for administra-
tive purposes by Moscow in the
1930s. No doubt a gift from it's
favorite son, Josef Stalin, who
was from Georgia. When the
Soviet Union collapsed in 1991,
Georgia became independent,
but was in great turmoil for
several years.
Between 1991 and 1995, a
series of civil wars and coup
d'etats, some very bloody,
shaped the present situation.
Former Kremlin foreign mini-
ster, Eduard Shevardnadze,
became Georgia's first elected
president to last a term in
office. During his reign, the
trouble in both Abkhazia and
South Ossetia turned into
ethnic cleansing, with some
250,000 Georgians violently
forced out of Abkhazia and
another 50,000 forced out from
South Ossetia.
Shevardnadze won re-election
in 2000, but was himself forced
out of office under charges of
ballot fraud and corruption in
2003. The "Rose Revolution",
essentially a bloodless revolt,
was led by Mikheil Saakashvili,
who was elected president in
2004 and leads the nation now
during the current crisis. Edu-
cated in the United States,
Saakashvili instituted a 12%
flat tax rate which helped spur
economic development and
international investment.
Under Saakashvili, many eco-
nomic and political reforms
have been initiated. Georgia
had a growth rate of nearly
8% of it's GNP in 2007, de-
spite a trade embargo from
Russia. In addition to oil and
natural gas, Georgia is known
for producing some 500 vari-
eties of wine. The nation was
on the brink of being accepted
into both the European Union
and NATO in 2009, when the
Russians invaded.
On August 6th, President
Saakashvili ordered a military
force into South Ossetia to
attempt to restore political
control of the province. The
very next day, Russian tanks
and armored personnel carriers
numbering over 500, crossed
into South Ossetia to intervene
on behalf of the separatists.
Several days of intense ground
battles and air strikes followed.
As of the August 15th, the
Russians have essentially
split Georgia in half, advancing
deep enough, beyond South
Ossetia, to cut the only East-
West highway and railroad.
Abkhazia also rebelled at the
same time, allowing Russian
troops to attack the Black Sea
port city of Poti.
On August 12th, Russian Presi-
dent Medeved met with French
President Sarkozy to work out
a cease-fire deal. The initial
plan was not carried out. On
the 14th, Medeved met with the
de facto leaders of the separa-
tist movements in both seceding
provinces and acknowledged
them as presidents of new na-
tions. A new cease-fire plan
submitted on the 15th makes
it clear that Russia will not
recognize the two provinces as
part of Georgia's territory.
Also on the 15th, Saakashvili
met with U.S. Secretary of
State, Condolesa Rice, and
during a joint press conference,
made it clear that he sees the
Russians as the aggressors.
He claims, and probably with
very good reasons, that they
instigated the separatists,
and were prepared to invade
before events unfolded. He
also warned the West, and
the rest of the world, that
the old Russian Bear is back
and is hungry for power and
lands to conquer. He stated
that had Georgia been allowed
to join NATO sooner, the inva-
sion may not have happened.
On another front, Russia de-
clared it's displeasure of an
agreement signed today by
Poland and the United States
for the U.S. to deploy an anti-
missile defense system in
Poland. Russia said that they
now consider Poland as a
viable target should war break
out between Russia and the
United States.
The missile defense system
proposed is a limited one,
with only ten interceptor
missiles to be placed in
Poland. Their position is
ideal for intercepting and
missiles launched from the
Middle East or Iran at Europe
or the United States. But
the position is too far south
to be useful in intercepting
any missiles Russia may
launch at America. Such
missiles would take a polar
route over the Arctic Ocean,
well beyond the range of
the Polish base.
Russia feels threatened by
the growing prosperity of
it's former republics and
old satellite states, like
Georgia and Poland. They
are very concerned that
the Ukraine will soon be
admitted to both the E.U.
and NATO. Thanks to
the new wealth from oil
and gas sales, Russia has
gone from economic and
political chaos of the 1990s
to a strong, reinvigorated
nation. Military spending
has been rising sharply
the past few years.
Russia's actions in Georgia,
especially if allegations of
wide-spread looting and
destruction of infrastructure
are true, shows that they
no longer intend to play
a secondary role in world
affairs. They are willing to
use their military, and eco-
nomic force (in shutting
off oil and gas supplies to
Europe) as tools to re-assert
themselves on the global
stage. The death toll in
Georgia is unknown, but
estimated in the thousands.
Over 100,000 people have
been displaced and are
now homeless refugees
from the fighting. The march
of freedom in Eastern Europe
may have hit a brick wall.
A wall now stained red with
blood!